Structural instability and ground subsidence during the leaching and gas storage cycle lead to storage failure. Preventing mechanical collapse ensures long-term integrity of underground energy reservoirs.

Undetected migration or leakage of stored fluids through caprock or reservoir boundaries. Preventing environmental contamination and inventory loss ensures the viability of long-term geological storage.

Subsurface heterogeneity and complex fluid-rock interactions lead to unreliable predictions of injection efficiency. Precise identification of flow barriers and wetting behavior reduces uncertainty in stimulation outcomes.

Declining pressure in late-life wells prevents efficient hydrocarbon recovery and fluid circulation. Addressing this stagnation restores production rates and extends the economic viability of mature energy assets.