Porous cellulose structures naturally fail to prevent gas and liquid transmission. Reducing permeability is essential for maintaining food freshness and structural integrity in moist environments.

Standard biodegradable containers suffer from poor structural stability and insufficient sensory performance when exposed to contents. Improving these properties prevents premature degradation and moisture-induced failure in sustainable packaging.

Conventional rigid packaging materials lack biodegradability and environmental compatibility. Replacing persistent synthetics with cellulose-PHA composites addresses the global accumulation of non-degradable waste.