Standard nonwoven webs often lack the tensile strength and heat-seal durability required to prevent seam rupture during high-speed manufacturing and packaging.

High concentrations of dissolvable fillers and humectants frequently cause uneven moisture transfer across the membrane, leading to unpredictable nicotine delivery profiles.

Single-layer filament orientations and needle-punched fleece structures often impede the simultaneous diffusion of multiple active ingredients from separate internal compartments.