Excessive heat and moisture accumulation within wearable layers leads to physiological discomfort and reduced thermoregulatory efficiency. Resolving this improves user endurance and prevents thermal stress in variable environments.

Lack of structural stability in apparel prevents comfortable rest in vertical positions. Providing integrated mechanical support within wearable substrates eliminates the need for external headrests or bulky travel accessories.

Substrate and flocking materials are being manipulated to alter the boundary layer interaction of apparel. Reducing skin friction and pressure drag improves the speed and efficiency of the wearer in motion.