Permanent bonding of sole layers prevents individual component replacement or customization. Enabling secure mechanical attachment allows for repairability and user-specific performance tuning.

Loss of kinetic energy during the transition from midfoot to toe-off. Improving energy return and forward momentum reduces metabolic cost for the wearer.

Standard sole structures lack the necessary structural rigidity to maximize energy return during high-impact movements. Increasing bending stiffness prevents energy loss during the toe-off phase of gait.