Inconsistent angular reflectance and color bleeding across complex surfaces reduce aesthetic yield. Precise spatial patterning of periodic nanostructures enables distinct, high-contrast color zones without chemical pigments.
Recycled substrates often exhibit visual inconsistencies, impurities, or undesirable color variations that limit their use in high-end consumer products. Masking these defects with structural color allows for the use of low-quality recycled feedstock without compromising the final product's visual appeal.