The keywords focus on apertured topsheets and functional forming to improve performance in absorbent articles. The primary technical bottleneck in these structures is the inability to rapidly capture and transport fluids away from the surface to prevent leakage and skin wetness.

Standard absorbent layers often suffer from excessive stiffness or poor moisture management that causes skin irritation and physical discomfort. Improving the spatial distribution and geometry of the material layers reduces mechanical friction and enhances fluid handling to prevent skin breakdown.

Standard cellulosic and film layers often suffer from slow liquid acquisition or pooling. Improving aperture geometry and spatial distribution overcomes this bottleneck to prevent leakage and skin wetness.

Standard symmetric wing designs often fail to align with the varying contours of undergarments, leading to shifting or leakage. Asymmetric geometries solve for the mismatch between the article shape and the anatomical/mechanical requirements of the crotch area.