Loss of skin firmness and elasticity over time. Restoring structural tension provides a measurable aesthetic and functional improvement to the skin surface.

Standard topical applications suffer from poor skin penetration and insufficient localized retention. Overcoming these barriers ensures therapeutic agents reach target dermal layers effectively.

Manual or inconsistent layering of thin films leads to structural defects and dosage variability. Precise mechanical registration ensures structural integrity and uniform drug distribution in microneedle arrays.