Spontaneous degradation of haploid germplasm and poor survival rates of induced embryos. Improving recovery efficiency ensures the preservation of rare genetic lines.

Random or imprecise insertion of genetic material leads to unpredictable expression and cell loss. Improving site-specific targeting ensures stable inheritance and functional consistency in modified crops.

Low rates of successful foreign DNA integration and stability across different plant cytotypes. Overcoming this limitation allows for the reliable introduction of traits like cytoplasmic male sterility.