Natural haploid formation and pollen viability are insufficient for rapid breeding. Overcoming these biological constraints accelerates the development of homozygous lines.

Random or infrequent integration of genetic material limits the precision of trait development. Improving the frequency of successful site-specific edits reduces the resource burden of screening large cell populations.

Inadequate genetic integration rates and limited genotype compatibility restrict crop improvement. Overcoming these barriers enables broader application of gene editing across recalcitrant species.