Non-selective toxicity leads to systemic damage and poor therapeutic index. Targeted cytotoxicity prevents off-target destruction of healthy tissue.

HIV persists in latent reservoirs and evolves to bypass standard antiretroviral therapies. Addressing these failure modes prevents treatment escape and enables viral eradication.

The inability to prevent the insertion of viral DNA into the host genome leads to permanent infection. Inhibiting this specific step stops the replication cycle of the human immunodeficiency virus.