Natural yeast strains lack the metabolic capacity to convert five-carbon sugars into high-value polyols at industrial scales. Overcoming this metabolic bottleneck increases product yield and feedstock flexibility.

Native yeast transport systems limit the rate of carbon flux into the cell for non-native acid production. Overcoming this bottleneck increases volumetric productivity and yield of organic acids.

High precursor concentrations inhibit yeast growth and metabolic flux. Controlled feeding prevents accumulation of toxic intermediates while maintaining high titers.